Category: CCR

To BOV(er) or not to BOV(er)

Posted on | by matt

BOV or no BOV

 

This is usually a polarised argument. People are either all for or all against.  So, let us examine the arguments from both sides. I’m going to put in some assumptions though. To me they are not assumptions, mainly because I have tested these in dry chamber dives or if safe to do so in the water.

 

Assumption 1 – You only bailout from an unbreathable loop. In the case of hyperoxia (too much O2) Hypoxia (too little O2) this bailout is temporary till you shutdown, on board/offboard gas, manually correct, exclude cells etc. In the case of hypercapnia (CO2) bailout is permanent. In the case of flood (unrecoverable) bailout is permanent.

 

Assumption 2 – You are well enough trained and mentally tough enough to only need to bailout fast from a CO2 situation with the resultant massive ventilation increase, all others give you anything from a few seconds to a couple of minutes to bailout without any more than a minor stress increase in ventilations.

 

Assumption 3 – You need at least 30 minutes of OC gas at 45 lmin to 70 lmin as an absolute minimum to bail on to. This is because a CO2 hit takes at least 30 mins to recover from to the point where ventilations return to relatively normal.

 

Argument 1.  

 

A BOV is the only thing that will save your life if you have a CO2 hit. This is because in a CO2 hit your ventilations rise to the level where switching to an open circuit regulator would be impossible. 

 

For…                      This has some truth, depending on the function of your BOV as it switches CCR to OC.  Some divers report it’s the only way they could have switched when getting into or having a CO2 hit. A hit happens fast and easily if your scrubber, bypass seals or mushroom valves have failed so a quick easy switch is good, of course. 

 

Against…             Every BOV has a point as you turn the valve from closed to open circuit where there is no gas flow (OC or CCR) at all. If you are deep in a CO2 hit as you pass this point and hyperventilating, you could easily spit the mouthpiece.

 

Against…             Pack your scrubber correctly, check your seals, pre-breathe, check mushroom valves, do not exceed scrubber durations and the chances of a CO2 hit are minimal. 

 

Against...             Whatever you use, BOV, necklaced OC reg, stage bottle, if you get into a CO2 hit switching to OC in any method is a problem, bailout early; stay off loop, don’t go back and ‘test it’ if there is any chance it was CO2.  

 

Against…             There is a technique I teach on my CCR rescue course where an OC reg can create a breathable bubble under the DSV by being free flowed allowing a switch in a hyperventilating situation to an OC reg. It uses a lot of gas, so allow for it in planning, (so does having a CO2 hit) but this negates the ‘you’ll never switch to OC mid hit argument’ in most circumstances

 

Argument 2.  

 

A BOV is always connected to a breathable gas so no issues over gas switch protocols in an emergency.  

 

For…                      True, if you never dive hypoxic mixes. 

 

Against…             A well trained CCR diver will always rotate the ‘ideal’ bailout stage bottle to be the one they can grab a reg off without having to check. Usually top left. A MODS/NOTOXIC routine is not appropriate for bailouts. Moving unsuitable bottles behind them on a leash or to the right side if preferred makes this easy.  A CCR diver can connect and disconnect their BOV to suitable gas sources this way, but it is an extra step over the bottle rotation. 

 

 

 

 

Argument 3. 

 

A BOV is better to use all the time against the rare chance of a CO2 hit. 

 

Against…             A BOV can never because of design compromises breathe as well as a DSV only (dive surface valve) so you then tolerate compromised work of breathing on every dive against the 1 in 10,000 chance of a CO2 hit.  Assuming you don’t take shortcuts with scrubbers, fresh lime, equipment prep and maintenance those are fair odds. 

 

Against…            Time and switches. What is the BOV connected to? If it’s a 3-litre diluent then you just gave yourself 60 seconds to sort the issue at any technical depth. Your ‘recovery’ from a CO2 hit will take 30-45 minutes or more at a sac rate well over 45 l min and could be 80-100 plus.  Even if connected to an 11-litre off board, you still need to make switches in the ascent and you may be making, or trying to make the first switch much sooner than you have recovered enough to go full open circuit. Even if you have enough gas in the deep bailout, you will still be on gassing and messing up your deco schedule and gas calculations. 

 

Against…             BOV’s are heavy in the mouth leading to jaw fatigue on longer dives

Where is a BOV useful?

 

  1. Shallow water diving where you carry the bailout entirely on the CCR. A BOV connected to onboard twin 7’s gives you 14 litres of useable gas. As you are shallow and should have no or very limited deco this will get you to the surface. This rig is simple, and self-contained for rib and boat diving albeit heavy. You still need a necklaced OC reg for redundancy or possible donation.

 

  1. In a cave. I may not in a cave always have an ability to reach or rotate stages. Lots of caves have squeezes or restrictions that can clog second stages with sediment or gravel. I like a BOV in a cave. As I mostly scooter or swim a lot slower in a cave, the compromised work of breathing is ‘just’ acceptable.   My rule though is the BOV must be connected to at least 30 minutes of gas. 

 

 

Conclusion.

Don’t believe you can be having a full on CO2 hit while managing an ascent in open water – no shot line, deploying an smb, finding teammates with team gas and making stops. If you think this is amount of task loading is possible to manage in a situation where CO2 and N2 narcosis, stress, O2 depletion and physical challenge all come at once and where the consequence is severe to fatal, please sell your gear and take up knitting.

 

Use a DSV for open water, deep and hypoxic diving. Use stage rotations to keep the best bailout on top and the reg necklaced or to hand. Bailout at the very first and smallest hint that anything CO2 related is occurring. 

 

A BOV is only essential in one case where you cannot reach an OC reg quickly, then bear in mind the ‘no breath’ part of turning the valve. Otherwise dependent on circumstances, it is convenient rather than advantageous and carries several downsides, WOB and weight in the mouth on every dive being the most significant. I’ve used a range of OEM and aftermarket BOV’s and so far the only one I really like is the Divesoft. Neutral in water and probably best in class wob.

 

 

 

Matt

Matt Jevon, M.Sc. F. IoD is a Full Expedition level Trimix and Cave instructor on OC and CCR with TDI and ANDI. He is the JJ-CCR and Divesoft Liberty Sidemount instructor and dealer for Ireland. Matt’s personal diving has included cave exploration in the Philippines, wreck projects in Croatia and Ireland as well as being one of the inaugural dirty dozen in Truk! Matt has held accreditations as an interdisciplinary sports scientist, sports psychologist with BASES and was a British Olympic Registered Strength and Conditioning Coach and invitee on the Olympic Psychology Advisory Group. Matt works in high performance business as a board advisor and non-exec, high performance sport and is a partner in South West Technical Diving in Ireland. www.swt.ie and writes the Facebook page Psychological Skills for Diving

#tdidivecentre #andifacility #Apekstechnicalcentre #caveinstructor #jjccrfactoryservicecentre #JJCCR  #ANDI #nolimitsexploration #cavediving #Apeks #divesoft #sidemountccr #southwestech #nautilus #othree90ninety  #divemorepostless #xdeep #TDI #technicaldiving #scaleolights #rebreathers #seacraft #kubidrygloves #sidemountessentialsinstructor #sidemountccr #libertyccr #jjccr_official #wedontsellwhatwedontdive #nobubbles #diving #deepdive #techdiving #technicaldiving #ccrdiver #underwater #trimix #wreckdiver #cavediver

Choosing a Sidemount CCR

Posted on | by matt

I got asked recently about choosing a Sidemount CCR. Of course, this is a subject that will lead to war on social media, but I thought I would put my reasons into the mix.

 

Manual v E-CCR

 

Many cave and very experienced (old?) CCR divers favour a manual unit. It makes sense in a lot of ways being able to manually control loop volume and PO2 in an environment with a lot of depth changes. The thing is, if you stop doing this on a manual unit it can go hypoxic, or if a constant flow valve type even hyperoxia. As any CCR diver will tell you both those situations are very, very bad.

 

E-CCR’s and the associated components and electronics are these days very reliable. It is technology that will keep you alive in the event you are distracted by an incident or task loaded. Good E-CCR’s can also be run as a manual unit to manage failures, but also as a choice, say to control loop volume in changing depths, but with a low safety set point so the unit will automatically maintain a breathable loop if the user does not, say 0.4. So, all the advantages of manual, without the risks specific to manual.

 

To my mind manuals are yesterday’s technology with no functionality or benefit and considerably more risk over an E-CCR unit. Run the E-CCR manually over a low setpoint and you keep all the benefits of manual with a significant safety net. Manual CCR is really stepping back 10-20 years. If you think todays electronics risk of failure justifies a manual unit you haven’t really looked at the reliability of today’s electronics.

 

If this argument makes sense to you then units like the Kiss Sidewinder, Sidekick and Golem Flex amongst others need huge advantages in other areas to overcome their manual basis.

 

Counterlungs

 

This is a big challenge on Sidemount ccr’s. The units desired position means that it is difficult to get counterlungs that are in the right place relevant to your own lungs to minimise hydrostatic differences between the two and make breathing easy, known as work of breathing or WOB. There are really 3 main solutions that Sidemount ccr designers have used.

 

Bellows/ Accordion style counterlungs

 

The benefit of these is that they fit nicely into a cylinder type tube. Because they act as both inhale and exhale lung, you are effectively transferring a breath from your lungs to outside your hip or chest. This causes buoyancy changes. These changes demand a cross tensioning of the unit to stop it moving as it becomes alternatively positive and negatively buoyant. If done well the unit does not move, but this fixation means the diver must compensate for the buoyancy change at the hip with each breath.

 

It is also a challenge to make bellows lungs flood tolerant. Any unit that is not flood tolerant is a massive risk and puts a big mark for me against units with these lungs, I could maybe cope with the irritation of my hip being lifted and dropped with each breath… I’d rather not!  These lung types have another big issue, they will not breathe at all when vertical and as much as we aspire to flat trim all the time, some wrecks and caves are not very accommodating to this need!

 

External lungs

 

The most popular unit with these lungs is the Kiss Sidewinder, it really helps work of breathing, probably best in class, but means both the lungs and the breathing hose (over shoulder routing) are very exposed. Demounting the unit to pass a restriction is also challenging.

 

Inhale/exhale lung

 

As far as I know only the Liberty, Proteus and T Reb have proper inhale lungs with good water traps. This means they are flood tolerant and have no buoyancy change or hip lift for the diver with each breath. The Liberty lung position is especially good for work of breathing. This design allows water to be purged from the exhale lung making a flood recovery (say someone kicked out your mouthpiece briefly) possible.

 

In summary a flood tolerant solution with good work of breathing in all positions is paramount. If achieving this means more plumbing routed around the body to offboard lungs and creates an inability to demount the unit, then why even bother using a side mount unit, unless you dive flat, height restricted bedding planes!

 

Onboard v Offboard Gases

 

Almost all the Sidemount units on the market today rely on offboard gas connections to O2 and/or diluent gases. Some of them look like a home plumbed bathroom with the amount of connections and hoses routed across and around the body. I have seen divers in ‘Sidemount’ that have o2 and diluent bottles mounted on a backplate defeating many of the advantages that Sidemount was developed for.  Commonly O2 bottles are butt mounted along with suit bottles and torches. Now I have a fair amount of real estate on my butt… but all that is too much! Any offboard to lungs or gases makes mounting and demounting the unit a pain.

 

The only unit I know that has all onboard gas is the Liberty. Now, you want the ability to offboard gas in case of primary supply failures, the Liberty needs some mods to make this work, but they are simple and easy to do.

 

Size, Position on Body, Streamlined

 

Open circuit sidemount’s main advantages are that cylinders are trimmed and tight to the body, that they have no protrusions and are unmoving. Equally important is that they are quick and easy to don and doff. This achieves a flexible torso for the diver allowing twisting and bending. Demounting the cylinders in a dive creates a profile allowing gas in front and gas behind for restrictions, as well as leaving a very small profile for the diver.

 

This open circuit sidemount flexibility is compromised in any Sidemount CCR that is bigger than a 12-litre steel in height and circumference, has offboard gas feeds and blocks or external components like scrubbers or counterlungs.

 

There are only a very few units that to my mind are streamlined and the right size, two are the T Reb and the Liberty. As the T Reb has offboard gas I am afraid it gets crossed off my list.

 

So, there you have it, my criteria for a Sidemount CCR

 

  • No offboard Components or plumbing
  • Full ECCR Electronics
  • Easy to run Manually with a low setpoint
  • All gases on board
  • Flood Tolerant
  • Easy WOB in all positions – so no bellows counterlungs
  • Ability to have offboard gases added in an emergency

 

and the Liberty is the only unit that meets all the requirements.

 

Others will argue, though justifying the downside of manual units, bellows or offboard lungs, offboard gases etc is going to need an original and well reasoned argument if I would change my mind!

 

 

Matt

Matt Jevon, M.Sc. F. IoD is a Full Expedition level Trimix and Cave instructor on OC and CCR with TDI and ANDI. He is the JJ-CCR and Divesoft Liberty Sidemount instructor and dealer for Ireland. Matt’s personal diving has included cave exploration in the Philippines, wreck projects in Croatia and Ireland as well as being one of the inaugural dirty dozen in Truk! Matt has held accreditations as an interdisciplinary sports scientist, sports psychologist with BASES and was a British Olympic Registered Strength and Conditioning Coach and invitee on the Olympic Psychology Advisory Group. Matt works in high performance business as a board advisor and non-exec, high performance sport and is a partner in South West Technical Diving in Ireland. www.swt.ie and writes the Facebook page Psychological Skills for Diving

#tdidivecentre #andifacility #Apekstechnicalcentre #caveinstructor #jjccrfactoryservicecentre #JJCCR  #ANDI #nolimitsexploration #cavediving #Apeks #divesoft #sidemountccr #southwestech #nautilus #othree90ninety  #divemorepostless #xdeep #TDI #technicaldiving #scaleolights #rebreathers #seacraft #kubidrygloves #sidemountessentialsinstructor #sidemountccr #libertyccr #jjccr_official #wedontsellwhatwedontdive #nobubbles #diving #deepdive #techdiving #technicaldiving #ccrdiver #underwater #trimix #wreckdiver #cavediver

 

MOD 1+ – Air Diluent Decompression Diver

Posted on | by matt
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MOD 1+ – Air Diluent Decompression Diver

[/box] Courses Overview
MOD 1+ – Air Diluent Decompression Diver – if you already have some technical diving experience, or have completed MOD 1 you can take the next step, becoming qualified to dive to 45m using air as a diluent and with the knowledge and ability to make decompression stops.
What’s Involved
Initial training (MOD 1 and MOD 1+) involves a minimum of 500 minutes in water time, usually over a minimum of five days. Crossovers are a minimum of two days. To gain certification you have to satisfy the skills performance and theory requirements of the course, successfully complete an exam and own / have unlimited access to a JJ-CCR.
Course Skills
Please get in touch for specifics.
Why Do the Course?
This course will start you on the road to silent, bubble free diving. You will significantly extend your time in the water, with or without decompression and enjoy gas reserves, warm moist air to breathe and have a platform on which to build future dives into wreck, cave and exploration. For photographers and wildlife fans you will experience interactions you cannot enjoy on open circuit as our underwater friends don’t like the bubbles. I’ve literally had fish swim up to my mask!
What’s Included
The course fee covers instructional time, manual, use of facilities including pool. Students are expected to pay any boat costs and accomodation costs required to complete the course but we do have packages available. Only after the successful completion of the course do you pay your certification fee – “you pay for training – you earn the certification”
What You Need
Standard scuba equipment plus a spare mask, timing device, a dsmb, a spool/reel with 30m of line. 7 or 11 litre aluminium cylinder with first and second stage plus spg for bailout. Equipment including the CCR may be rented for the duration of the course, but certification cannot be granted until ownership of the CCR. If ownership does not occur within 3 months a skills refresher will be required.

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Prerequisites
PADI AOW or equivalent, PADI Nitrox or equivalent, PADI Deep or equivalent, 30 dives inc 10 to 30m and 10 on EANx.
Student to Instructor Ratio
3:1 (maximum)
No. Sessions
2 theory sessions; 1 pool session; 3 open water dives
Equipment
On joining we will send you a kit list, full kit can be rented for the course
Related Courses
PADI Wreck
TEC 45 & TEC 50
Foundations of Safer Diving

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I’ve been diving for over 20 years, including instructing and Matt was able to bring my diving skills and knowledge to a completely new level

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Posted in CCR

JJ-CCR Helitrox Diluent Decompression Procedures

Posted on | by matt
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JJ-CCR Helitrox Diluent Decompression Procedures

[/box] Course Overview
Over five days and a minimum of seven dives with 420 minute of bottom time you will learn about the theory, skills and practical methods of carrying out safe staged decompression dives, using up to 20% Helium and no less than 21% Oxygen in your diluent gas in dives up to 45m deep.
What’s Involved
There will be at least 7 dives and you will build on diving skills and knowledge to date. You will learn about dive planning, equipment considerations and develop buoyancy, trim and teamwork skills to safely carry out planned decompression diving using helium to reduce narcosis and enhance dive pleasure and safety.
Course Skills
Buoyancy and trim, propulsion techniques, loop
control, stage set-up and rigging, gas management,
thinking like a ccr diver, handling emergencies and
failures. Setup and maintenance of the unit
Loop volume management, Calibration of electronics
Emergency procedures, buoyancy control,
CNS tracking, Decompression planning
Why Do the Course?
This course will suit CCR divers who want the benefits of a clear head and recued gas density on deeper and longer dives. It opens up longer and safer deep dives whilst adding additional knowledge and skills to your CCR diving. It prepares you to take further technical training such as trimix diving or overhead courses such as cave or advanced wreck.
What’s Included
The course fee covers instructional time, manual, use of facilities including pool. Students are expected to pay any gas, boat costs and accomodation costs required to complete the course but we do have packages available. Only after the successful completion of the course do you pay your certification fee – “you pay for training – you earn the certification”
What You Need
Normal dive kit plus a CCR with trimix unlocked with cells in date and kept properly serviced and maintained.

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Be a minimum age of 18 years
Hold a certification of TDI Advanced Nitrox and Decompression Procedures Diver or equivalent
have a minimum of 50 logged open water dives
OR
hold a TDI Air Diluent CCR Diver certification or equivalent
have a minimum of 30 hours on the CCR unit with 6 months CCR diving experience
Student to Instructor Ratio
3:1 (maximum)
No. Sessions
2 x theory; practical kit setup session; 7 x open water dives
Equipment
On joining we will send you a kit list, full kit can be rented for the course
Related Courses
Advanced Wreck
Normoxic Trimix
Technical rescue and safety
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Matt is a fantastic coach , very patient and knowledgeable beyond what was needed which was a great reference for further learning and next steps . I am glad that I chose South West Tech and can’t wait to carry on my journey with them

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Posted in CCR